…. Present continuous . …
Y. The
functions:
¯. Expresses an activity that is in progress right now when the speaker is
saying the sentence.
E.g.:
Ann can’t come to the phone right now because she is taking a shower.
¯. Using the Present Continuous to express future time. same as (Be going to).
•. The verbs are (come, go, stay, arrive,
leave, fly, walk, ride, drive, take)
E.g.:
Don is going to come to the party tomorrow / Don is coming to the party
tomorrow (same).
¯. I’m doing something: I’m in the
middle of doing something, I’ve started doing
it and I haven’t finished it yet.
•. Study this example situation:
Ann is in her car. She is on her way
to work. She is driving to work*.
#. This means: she is driving now, at
the time of speaking. The action is not finished yet.
¯. Often the action is happening at the time of speaking.
E.g.:
Please don’t make so much noise. I’m working. (not’ I work’).
¯. The action isn’t necessary happening at the time of speaking.
E.g.:
Tom and Ann are talking in a cafe.
Tom says, “I’m reading an interesting
book at the moment. I’ll lend it to you when I’ve finished it.”
#. This means: Tom isn’t reading the book
at the moment of speaking.
He means that he
has started it but not finished it yet. He is in the middle of reading it.
¯. When we want to talk about things happening in a period around now or a
temporary situation.
(today,
this week, this evening).
E.g.:
Is Susan working this week? No, she’s on holiday.
¯. When we want to talk about changes happening around now.
E.g.:
The population of the world is rising very fast. (not’ rises’).
¯. Using Always, Constantly, Forever, continually* with Present Continuous:
•. to complain, to express annoyance or
anger. → {“B” 2nd blue
no.16}.
E.g.:
I’m always/ forever/ constantly/ continually picking up Mary’s dirty socks!
#.
Compare: “Mary is
always leaving her dirty socks on the floor”. It expresses anger or complains with the action.
“Mary always leaves her dirty
socks on the floor”. It’s a statement of fact but not complain.
•. to express doing
something more than normal. → {“R” no.6 // ”MS” no.466*}.
E.g.:
I’ve lost my key again. I’m always losing things. (Doesn’t
mean that I lose things every time)
It means: that I lose things too often,
more often than normal.
Y. Non-progressive verbs: (are not used in any of the progressive tenses)
¯. Mental State: •. Know •.
Believe •.
Imagine •. Want
•.
Realize •. Feel •. Doubt •. Need
•.
Understand •. Suppose •. Remember •. Desire
•.
Recognize •. Think •. Forget •. Mean
¯. Emotional State:
•. Love •. Hate •. Mind •. Astonish
•.
Like •.
Dislike •.
Care •. Amaze
•.
Appreciate •. Fear •. Please •. Envy
•.
Prefer •. Wish
¯. Possession: •. Possess •. Have •.
Own •. Belong
¯. Sense Perceptions:
•. Taste •. Hear •. See •. Smell
•.
Feel
¯.Other Existing States:
•. Seem •. Cost •. Be •. Consist of
•.
Look •.
Owe •.
Exist •.
Contain
•.
Appear •. Weigh •. Matter •. Include
•.
Sound •.
Equal •.
Resemble •. Look like
•.
Agree •.
Disagree •.
Impress •. Promise
•.
Surprise •. Satisfy •. Concern •. Depend
•.
Deserve •. Fit •. Lack •. Involve
Y. Verbs that commonly used as
Progressive verbs with a different in meaning:
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Words
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Non-progressive verbs
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Progressive verbs
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Think
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I think he’s a kind man.
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Pendapat
|
I’m thinking about this grammar
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Memikirkan
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Have
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He has a car.
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Memiliki
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She’s having a good time.
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Expression
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Taste
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This food tastes good.
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Terasa
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The chef is tasting the sauce.
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Mencicipi
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Smell
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These flowers smell good.
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Berbau
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Don is smelling the roses.
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Mencium
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See
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I see a butterfly. Do you see it?
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Melihat
|
The doctor is seeing a patient.
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Memeriksa
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Feel*
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The cat’s fur feels soft.
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Terasa
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Sue is feeling the cat’s fur.
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Meraba
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Look*
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She looks cold. I’ll her my coat
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Terlihat
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I’m looking out the window.
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Melihat
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Appear
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He appears to be asleep.
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Terlihat
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The actor is appearing in the stage.
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Tampil
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Weigh
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A piano is heavy. It weighs a lot.
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Berbobot
|
The grocer is weighing the bananas.
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Menimbeng
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Be*
|
Tom is kind.
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-
|
Tom is being kind
|
-
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¯.
Look
and Feel (can use the Simple Present or Continuous when we say how
somebody looks or feels now)
E.g.:
•. You look well today. or You’re looking today.
•. How
do you feel now? or How are you feeling
now? (have same meaning) → {“R” no.8 // “MS” no.465}.
¯. Look +in, after, up, down, at: (can be used as progressive).
¯. •. Tom is kind (is Tom’s usual characteristic or that Tom is
really kind not only now but always).
•. Tom is being kind (right now, at
the moment of speaking or the action is unusual).
¯. Pattern: •. S + be (is, am, are/ was, were) + being
+adjective.
Note: (Be being + adj) is used in the progressive to describe a
temporary characteristic.
•. The adjectives that can be used are: (foolish, nice, kind, lazy, careful, patient, silly, rude,
polite, impolite, cruel
, stupid, fair, funny, good,
well, loud, noisy, pleasant, quiet, serious, unfair, unkind, unpleasant).
•. The adjectives that can’t be used are: (angry,
beautiful, handsome, happy, healthy, hungry, lucky, nervous, tall,
ill, thirsty, young, old, sick).
•. The
different between: He’s being sick (GB= He’s vomiting) and He’s sick (He’s ill) → {“MS” no.86}.
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The teaching method
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Aux:
be (is, am, are) → S.K
Mengandung kata sedang ← PRESENT CONTINUOUS Verbs: V1+ ing
Skrg sdg berlangsung Non-progressive verbs +
T.S
Y. Fungsi: Menyatakan
aktifitas yg sdg berlangsung saat berbicara.
Be being
adjective
Y. Rumus: (+). S + be(is, am, are) + V-ing + O + T.S →
You’re waiting for me now. (be+ V-ing: verb).
(-). S + be + not + V-ing + O +
T.S → She’s not eating dinner at present.
(?). Be + S + V-ing + O + T.S + ? →
Am I eating dinner right now?
(-?). Isn’t/ Aren’t* + S + V-ing + O + T.S
+ ? → Aren’t I eating dinner
now?
Y. Be: •. Is → SOK3T
•. Are → They, we, You.
•. Am → I (dlm {-?} question “Am” diganti dgn “Are”*)
Y. Non-progressive verbs (Non-action/ stative
Verbs) ada 67 verbs.
•. Verbs yang tdk digunakan dlm tenses continuous,
maka kembali ke tenses sebelumnya, tdk merubah makna + T.S sama.
E.g.:
I love you now. (not “I’m loving you now”).
•.
Kata kerja Look dan Feel dapat di pegunakan dalam Present Continuous tanpa
merubah arti.
E.g.:
You look well today. atau You’re
looking well today. (sama)
E.g.:
How do you feel now? Atau How are you feeling now? (sama).
Y. Time
Signal: (now: sekarang, at present:
sekarang ini, at this moment: pd saat ini, right now: sekarang ini)
•. Bila kalimat di dahului dgn (Listen,
Look, Be quiet, Ssssh,) maka present continuous di gunakan.
E.g.:
•. Watch out! The floor is
slippery because we’re mopping it.
•. Ssssh! Don’t you know that our beloved teacher is explaining us
The Simple Present Tense?
Y. Be being
+ adjective VS Be + adjective:
E.g.: You’re being stupid now. (menyatakan sifat yg sepontan tanpa
sengaja/ di luar kebiasaan + bkn sifat asli)
E.g.: You’re stupid. (menyatakan karakter/ sifat asli seseorang)
Y. Adjectives
dlm Be being structure (Foolish,
kind, nice, lazy, stupid, careless, polite, impolite ….dll)
Adjectives tdk digunakan dlm Be being structure (poor,
rich, handsome, beautiful, happy, hungry…..dll)
Y. Always, Forever, Constantly,
Continually dlm Present
Continuous tuk menyatakan komplen, kejengkelan, kemarahan.
E.g.: •.You’re always, forever,
constantly, continually watching TV. You should do something more
active.
•. Mary is always leaving her dirty socks
on the floor for me to pick up! Who does she think I am? Her maid?
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