An adjective clause sentence

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

Definition: Adjective Clause (AC) is a clause that functions as an Adjective.

We recall the function of adjectif. Adjectif function explained Noun.

A clause is a set of words - words that are at least a subject and a verb.

Another name of AC is Relative Clause (RC)

General points:

There are some points that will be discussed:

1. Relative Clause

2. Using AC to explain pronoun

3. The purpose of punctuation is in AC

4. Using expression of quantity

5. Using a noun of roomates

6. Using the which to explain the whole sentence

Discussion:

v Relative Clause

Some points to consider when attempting to Relative Clause-kan:

1. Determine the position of "Relative Clause" (Subject, Object, Object Prep, Possessive) in the second sentence, instead of the first sentence.

2. Determine reference pronoun / noun of the second sentence to the first sentence.

3. That is often the reference is "Common Noun" (e.g. a man, a pen, the girl, the people).

4. Placing RC nouns described.

1. Relative Clause Subject (RCS)

 

_______NOUN                  (who, which, that )       V + O + TS

_______NOUN                        Ving  + O + TS (REDUCING)*

Examples:

a.     The student is from China. He sits next to me every day

       

         The student                   sits next to me every day is from China.

            The student                   sitting next to me every day is from China.

b.       The pens are blue. They have beautiful caps.

 

The pens                        have beautiful caps are blue.

            The pens                        having beautiful caps are blue.

2. elative Clause Object (RCO)

_______NOUN             (who, which, that )            S + V + TS

_______NOUN         Ǿ          S + V + TS (OMITTING)*

     

* NOTE :

Reducing is peringkasan by eliminating subject and conjunctions but leave Verb

Omitting is peringkasan conjunction with menghilangan but still leave the Subject and Verb .

  

Examples:

.   I met the man yesterday. You met him two days ago

        

         I met the man                           you met two days ago yesterday.

I met the man         Ǿ             you met two days ago yesterday.

b.   Andi took the pen. You usually use it for note

          

            Andi took the pen                        you usually use for note.

        Andi took the pen        Ǿ           you usually use for note.

3. Relative Clause Object of Preposition (RCO Prep)

_______NOUN    Prep        (whom, which, that )                    S + V Prep + TS

_______NOUN                         That           S + V Prep + TS

_______NOUN                           Ǿ              S + V Prep + TS (OMITTING)

Note: Hanya pada Whom dan Which preposisi bisa ditempatkan di depan /belakang

Examples:

a.     I met the man yesterday. You were angry with him last Sunday.

           

            I met the man with whom you were angry last Sunday  yesterday.

            I met the man         whom you were angry with last Sunday  yesterday.

            I met the man        that  you were angry with last Sunday  yesterday.       

I met the man          Ǿ    you were angry with last Sunday  yesterday.

b.     The dog is big. You are afraid of it

             

The dog of which you are afraid is big.

The dog     which you are afraid of is big.

The dog     that    you are afraid of is big.

The dog       Ǿ      you are afraid of is big.

4. Relative Clause Possessive Subject (RCPS)

_______NOUN                                         V + O + TS

      Examples:

a.     I introduced the girl to my uncle. Her father is rich now.

I introduced the girl whose father is rich now to my uncle.

b.       She took a boy to school. His motorcycle is “Thunder”

She took a boy whose motorcycle is “Thunder” to school 

5. Relative Clause Possessive Object (RCPO)

_______NOUN                                         S + V + TS

Examples:

a.     The woman is beautiful. I have just borrowed her car

The woman whose car I have just borrowed is beautiful

               

b.     Did you have a chat with a fellow? My friend visited his girl this morning.

               

Did you have a chat with a fellow whose girl my friend visited this morning?

6. Relative Clause Place (RCP)

                                                Where     S + V + O + TS

_______NOUN     Prep  Which      S + V + O Prep + TS

                                                That        S + V + O Prep + TS

                                                  Ǿ           S + V + O Prep + TS

Example:

        Our room is behind. We usually sleep there (in that room) every night.

Our room       where we usually sleep every night is behind.

Our room  in which we usually sleep every night is behind.

Our room      which we usually sleep every night in is behind.

Our room       that  we usually sleep every night in is behind.

Our room          Ǿ     we usually sleep every night in is behind.

7. Relative Clause Time (RCT)

                                                When       S + V + O

_______NOUN     Prep  Which      S + V + O( Preposisi hanya terletak didepan, tidak di belakang)

                                                That        S + V + O  

                                                  Ǿ           S + V + O

Example:

05.30 a.m. is the time. We usually have a Betty class then (at that time).

05.30 a.m. is the time          when  we usually have a Betty class.

05.30 a.m. is the time     at which we usually have a Betty class.

05.30 a.m. is the time            that  we usually have a Betty class.

05.30 a.m. is the time              Ǿ    we usually have a Betty class.

Using AC to explain Pronoun

Before we get into the main discussion , we will divide into 3 pronoun in this discussion :

1. Personal Pronoun

2. Indefinite pronouns

3. Demonstrative Pronoun

Personal Pronoun

We already know some of the personal pronouns such as : Subject "They , We , I, You, etc. " along shape object. We will use the AC to modify the pronoun . Personal Pronoun used is " subject " . This usage is almost never used . It may be used , but very formal and not general .

Examples:

1.       That is I. I am responsible.

That is I who am responsible.

2.       We are sad now. We don’t have money.

We who don’t have money are sad now.

ü  Indefinite Pronoun

Sebutkan beberapa Indefinite Pronoun?

a.                                                                 -body                     -one                        -thing

Some-	Somebody	Someone	Something
Any-	Anybody	Anyone	Anything
No-	Nobody	No one	Something
Every-	Everybody	Everyone	Everything

Examples:

1.       Somebody who is coming here is Mr. Andes.

2.       Everybody (whom) I met in the meeting yesterday is rich.

3.       Anybody who wants to come is welcome

4.       Is there anybody that I haven’t called?

b.            The One and Thing

1.       Paula was the only one I knew at the party.

2.       You are the one that knows where to go.

3.       The only thing that keeps me awake is coffee

ü  Demonstrative Pronoun

                                

This	These
That	Those

            Di dalam penggunaan demonstrative pronoun,  hanya ada beberapa contoh yang ditemukan di buku referensi, that dan those.

               

        Examples:

1.       We fear that which we don’t understand

2.       Scholarships are available for those who need financial assistance.

3.       Love comes to those who believe it.

           

mean punctuation in AC

The basic rules of punctuation :

1. Do not use a comma when the air conditioning is needed to identify the noun . ( Identifying )

2. Use a comma if the air conditioner only provide additional information and are not required to identify the noun ( Nonidentifying ) .

3. The use of a comma in the AC are :

a) nouns are capitalized ( proper noun ) , e.g. Jakarta , Mr. Hunt, and Dr. Marry .

b ) nouns that are specified along with the article " The" , " Possessive adjective " , but usually there is no comparison in order to avoid confusion .

Example:

1.       The teacher who tutors Math in our class is from Italy.

2.       The man whom you met last night is my uncle.

3.       Mrs. Brown  ,  who teaches English every afternoon  ,  is Alan’s mother

4.       Jakarta  ,  which is the capital city of Indonesia  ,  is Metropolis.

5.       Fruit which farmers grow has much vitamin.

6.       The fruit  ,  which your father gave to me last night  ,  has much C vitamin.

Using expression of quantities

Some expression of quantities ( EQ ​​) followed Of :

Some of , many of , most of , none of , two of , three of , both of , etc.

EQ rules in AC :

1. Use a comma after the noun described .

2. Only Whom , which, and Whose used in this discussion .

3. The noun is replaced by Whom , which, and Whose is located after the noun of .

Example:

1.       I have 15 friends. All of them are clever.

I have 15 friends  ,  all of whom are clever.

2.       She has two books. Both of them are Science books.

She has two books  ,  both of which are Science books.

3.       You visited your relatives last night. My old brother met some of them this morning.

        You visited your relatives  ,  some of whom my old brother met this morning ,  last night.

4.       They know Jack well. One of his cars is Mercedes Benz.

They know Jack  ,  one of whose cars is Mercedes Benz  ,  well

5.       They took Susan last week. We sometimes use two of her computers.

They took Susan  ,  two of whose computers we sometimes use  ,  yesterday.

Using Noun of Which

In this discussion , the use of Noun of Which has the same intent as the discussion of Ownership ( Whose ) . It's just that usually we use the adjective Possessive , e.g. Its top has jade inlay .

Example:

1.       Dengan possessive

We have an antique table. Its top has jade inlay.

We have an antique table whose top has jade inlay.

        Menggunakan Noun of Which

       

        We have an antique table. The top of it has jade inlay.

       

        We have an antique table   ,  the top of which has jade inlay.

2.       She has two cats. Her little brother always pulls their tails.

                   

        She has two cats whose tails her little brother always pulls.

       

        She has two cats. Her little brother always pulls the tails of the cats.

       

        She has two cats  ,  the tails of which her little brother always pulls.

v Which to explain the whole sentence

Which usage is very rarely used in formal written language . In fact, often used in everyday language . But we can still use the written language . Comma is used to give pause . That / this is often enabled to refer to the rest of the sentence itself.

Example:

1)       Lala came this morning. That made me confused.

        Lala came this morning  ,  which made confused.

2)       We have to drink plain water. This is good for our health.

We have to drink plain water  ,  which is good for our health

3)       An oral examination is to test students’ concentration. That usually makes them nervous.

An oral examination is to test students’ concentration  ,  which makes them nervous.